Elastic-fluid turbine.



G. W. DAKE.

ELASTIC FLUID TURBINE.

APPLIUATION PILED 1320.16.1901

91 1 ,577. Patented Feb. 9, 1909.

3 SHEETB-SHB1IT L WTNESSES.- IN VENTOR.

9 MJ BY & w mm, m MB O &Mud

;q TTORNE K G. W.-DAKE. ELASTIG FLUID TURBINE. APPLIOATION PILED DEO.1B,1907.

9 O OuE IE H 9% b m E H d m m P WTNESSES.-

INVENTOR. {kamus u .yam. BY M 4 A TTORNE Y.

C. W. DAKB.

ELAS'I'IC FLUID TURBINE.

APPLIOATION FILED DEO.16,1907. 91 1 ,577. Patented Feb. 9, 1909.

A TTORNE M' E LASTIC-FLUID PURBINE.

Specficaton of Letters Patenta.

Patented Feb. 9, 1909.

Application filed December 16, 1907. Serial No. 406,'722.

To all whom it muy (numr n:

Be it known that l, (n uuuas W 1);USE', a citizen ot' the United State& rilin r at the city oilfltl rand Rapid& eouuty ot' Kent, State of Mirhigan, have ini'etei certain new and useful Inp'oreumts in llzstie-Fluil Turbines, of which th(- t'ollowing is a speeiheu` tion.

This inrention relates to iproveuenta` in elastie fluid itil'lliliL'S.

The oljeets of this,` intention are: firt, to sinipli'y the t't'lfltllt'llnlt of Stlt'll devices generall hzn'ing the regaril to their ellicien-y; seeonrh to provide an lllt})1'('\'t^(l form of bueliet in the turhiue wheel; third, to

guide passage ainl guide ans-age hlool-:g fourth, to provide an improved rons 'uc'tiou of nozzle; l'it'th, to prox'iile an improved fol-n of noz'zler` pernitting proper expo sion of stean in a noxzle hwing arallel simas; extln to provide an lavoro-;eci form and COllSil'tlCllOll of hueket and rerersing guide Das-;age imwhir'h the SiUttll in aeting on the hueket is turned less than 1802 and with the friction redueed to a nininun and eventh; to provide a Construction and ar- -angement of hueket nozzles and rerersing guide passages whereby the hurl ets of the turbinewheel 'Will he suhstantially filled with -stea-n froni the reversing guide passagei'when it reeeives the tlll't't'i' izpact of the :lets from the nozzles, thua` ec monizing the 'team at its initial pressure.

Further oljeets* and objeets relating to details of .eonstruetion will denitely appear froni the idetailed description totollow.

I aeeomplish the objeets ol' iny invention by the devices and means described in the following speeifieation.

The iuvention is clearly defined and pointed out in the elaims.

A structure emhodying the features of my invention ita-clearly illustrated in the accompanying drawing. forming a part. of this speclfieatio in which:

Figure l is a longitudinal detail sectional WOW throu h the bucket and guide passa'ges of a ouble-phase tui-hine; Fig. 2 is a detail seetional View through the jacket oi' the -turhine wheel guide passage block and nozzle block, showing further details of con struction; Fig. 3 is a (letail vertical seetional View through the nozzle guiie passage block and tui-hine wheel, taken on the irregla' line X Y of Fig; 3; Fig. 4 is a imilar letuil see nal YlOW through the re- '.vrain guide passages and block and the toi-h ne hurl etsa taken on the irregular line Y* of Fig. 2; Fig. 5 is a (letail View il en on the plane ot the irregular line I F of l ig. '2, looking upwird. certain (le- :ails being iulirated hy dotted linos; Fig. 3 is a .similar letail 'Jl'QW taken on the plane of the said irregular line 1 1 of Fig. 2, lookng down on tle periphery of the turhine u'leeh u'hirh is shown 'lcrelopetl into the tia Fig. 7 i s a iletail side elevation View of a portion of the tuwine wheel looking toiy cl the riu-ht of Fig. 2, that figure being waratetl on the line P F of said Fig. 2;

the !urn/.le :nul guide piu-age hloek. taken on :i io= eorrespou'.ing to line Z--Z of Fig. 2; Fi'. 9 is a detail sei-tioul View through ucl `ts and guide passages taken on a line correspouding to line fi -S of Figs. 3 and 4; Fi 10 ie an enlurged detail sectional View showing details of the nozzle Construction, taken on a line eorresponding to line X--X of Fig. 2` through one of the nozzles and adjaeent parte; Fip. 11 is an enlarged (let-aii lousritudinal View taken on a line COM"- spondiug to line IlL-M ot' Fig. 10; and Fig. 12 is a transrerse detail seetional View on the line corresponding to line N-N of Figs. 10 mulli. Fig. 13 is a detail sectional View of the i'ali'e G appearing in Fig. 1.

In the Adrawin the seetional views are taken looking in the direction of the little arrows at the enhr of the section lines, and

similar nuuierals of reference refet' to Simi lar parts throughout the several views.

Considering the nuihered parts of the drawing. the eaxing of the tu'hine consists of a front plate l, an intermediate plate and ring 2, and a hawk plate and ring 3, all ot which are suitahly bolted together or held together by suitable serews. The intermediate plate extends down between the turbine wheels at 2'. The bad: part of the Haine is made to correspond to the'front plate l in its; provision for seats for the guide passage and nozzle hloeks and fianges', which are Iumhered the same in the primary and secomlary part of this double-stage tui-hine here ilhestrated. In-a single-stage turhine. the intermediate plate and ring 2' would of course be onitted and the front plote 1 and back plate 3 would be brought together, llltlh showing that the number of l is lDLllI'IlQtl by the lottcl lintin Fig %and stagcs in the turhine is simply increased by inc'casing thc nher ot' intermediate plates and adding the necessary tnrbine wheels.

l'urtions oi" the tin-hine Whccls -l only ure shown, it being a matter oi' common practice the way those tni'hine wher-is arc sm-n'ed to tho shalt and the shalt supported within the casin Gndc bloclrs` 53 containing the reverse guide passagcs lO are provider] fur each section of the wheel and ::ecnz'cd to a suitable late. The valvc (i is prot'idcd for controling the passage of steain to the nozzles, the same being delivered tl'rongh the passage 7 to the nozzles of the pri nary trbine wheel,

and after having pass-cd t'i-om that, is ley lvercd through the seconlary passage 7' to snlts with the least 'fricton of the {lind in the nozzlcs of the second tnrhine wheel. The nozzles 8, one or more, dcliver i'rom the passage 7 obliqncly and tangentially to the buclrets 9 of the turbine wheel. A pyran'idal-shaped core S' is provided in onc side of the nozzle 8, having a suitable rib 8" on one flat side which. tits into a slot 8' .in the side of the block 5. A rin 13 is clanpccl between the block 5 nr series of blocks 5 Where there is a plurality, which forms one side of the nozzle passage S, thns prndncing a structure which can he easily manufacrnrcd by a milling machine, and one into which the pyramidal core cnn he. readily inserted by formig a suitable hey seat 8' or slot in the side of the block 5 to receive the same. This block 8' being py'anidally conical and inserted into the `nozzle passage 8, permits the steani to cxpand in the said nozale, the sides of which are parallel'to each other and this permits the expansion of the stean without flaring the sidcs of the nozzle, and 'consctpcntly delivers the same in direct parallel lines to most elcctively act upon the buckets of the turbine wheel or rotor.

The buckets 9 of the turbinc wheel 4: are obli ue and cnt on a true circle by a milling mamine in the steppcd form, hcretofore patentcd to me and a hroad notch 14 is cnt in the dviding Willis, which separate the buchcts froni each other, the opposite siclcs of the buclrets projecting ontwardly at 15 so that the walla between the buckcts are on an Obil( ne line to the periphcry of the wheel, as clear y appears in Figs. 1, 2 and 9, and by this means less than half of the circle is embraccd in the cu'vature of the said buck'ets 9. The remaintler of the circle is embraced in the rc'ersing guide passages 10, which are se arated from each other and the nozzles S the buckcts clearly appearing in Fig. 9. The course of the steam or elastic fluid through the rotor buckets is indicated by the curved arrow D-E in Fig. 9 and by the arrow Atin Fig. (i. The halfof the circle y the dividing plate 10', the form of`r thesi linos show the cxtrnt of slo'tcning of the (lim-harg u cnl ol' the rzwsltgu :cronr plit-hctl by the particular form ol hucliet and guide passage which l have produced.

lt will ho noted that the diana-ter of the trhine n'hccl un llc hin-het nt the discharge .side grmtcr than at the rccciving side or cnds ot' the bncltets. By thns locating the luclcts and nanipnlating thi nilling tool Iy cntting the steps thc'ein, the tlischargc end of the lllltlti Will he broader than the recciri'g end, so that the lischargc of :'tcam 'roin the hnckcts after it has done its Work is grcatly l'ncilitatcl and 'the i'c-action of the stean' or ciastic fluid is securcd to the fnllest mtent. The amount of the Widening of the hnchcts is prportluncl to give the best rcthc buchcts.

The guide passage t0` i'm-med by the partition ltl' opens back'hf the nozzle 8, as clearly appears in Figs. 4: and 8, and conscqncntly lills the buclrets 9 of the tnrbine wheel with the cxpanded steam, and before the buckct p'ses under the nozzle 8, and consencntly the hncket is partially filled with stenin and the full ell'ect of the impact of the nozzlc is best sernred in this way, the mund expansion of te-(un having just passed froni the hncket 9 When it, is thus passed partially filled to 'the delivery point of the iozzle S.

The direction of the steam to the nozzles and the action of the buckets is also indicatcd by the arrow A in Fig. 6, showing that the angle through which the stean pessoa in acting upon the bnclcets of the rotor is nnch less than 180.

It will he seen that my improved turbine is Very csyto nnnufacture. The different passage can he readily cut by a millin machine. Making the guide block 5 an the ring'l l of separate parts enables the formation of the nozzle passage very readily by a inilling machine, making it possible to readily form the seat for inscrting the cxpanding core 8' and all of the.parts can be quickly and efi'cctivcly assemblcd. I desire to remark, howerer, that the Same formation ,of passages that I have here illnstrated may` be otherwise produced` and I wish to claim the particular form of b uckets and assages, no matter how they may be pro uced. I wish to claim the fo'nation of the parts broadly, and I also Wish to claim the special features of the organization of the structure.

Having thus described my inventiomwhat I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patents is:

1:-In an elastic fluid turbine, the combina tion of a suitable casing having the front ,plate suitably flanged; a turbine ::gaci with Juckcts 9 at its periphery containi a, broad notch M, and the outwardly-projecting portion 15, the said buekets being of the stepped form; a guide passage block with reversing guide passages therein, separated by a sutable pa'ttion 10' for reversing the steam diseharged from the said turbine buekets; a nozzle 8 cut into the side of the said block 5 in advance of the guidingpas sage 10 therein; a pyramidal core 8' with a 'ib at one side seated in a suitable seat at the side of said passage 8, the )oint of said cene arranged towards the dise arge end of said nozzle; a separate ring or segment 13 clamped between the said guide passage block and the said flange; a passage 7 through the flange into the guide block 5; and a suitable valve for controlling the su ply of elastie fluid thereto, all co-aeting su stantially as described and for the purpose specified.

2. In an elastie fluid turbine, the combinetion of a suitable Gas-ing, having the front late suitably ilaged; a turbine uheel with uekets 9 at Its periphery containing a broad notcl ll, and the outwa'dly-projeetig portion 13, stortened by substantially the depth of the noteh; a guide passage block .3 with 'eversing guide passage' 10 therein; separated by a suitable pa'tition 10' for reverse in; the steam dis-;charged from the said turbine buekets; a nozzle 8 cut intothe side of in advanee of the guidi'ng passage 10 therein; a pyramidal core S' with a rib at one side seated in a suitable seat, at the 'side of said passage 8, the point of said cone arraned towards the diseharge end of said nozzle; a separate ring or segment 13 elamped between the said guide passage block 5 and the said tlange; a passage, 7 through the flange into the guide block 5; and a suitable valve for eontrolling the su ply of elastie fluid ther-eto, all eo-aeting su stantially as" described and ferthe purpose speefier. x

3. In an elastic fluid turbinethe combineton of a suitable casing, having the front plale sutably flanged; a turbine wheel with buckets 9 at ils erphery containing a broa'd notch 11-, and t e outwardly-pre'eeting portion 15, shortened by substantialiy the depth of the noteh, the said buekets being of the .stepped form; u guide passage block 5 with reversig guide assages 10 therein, sepa- 'ated by a suitab e partition 10' for reversng the steam disleharged from the said turhine buekets;-a nozzle 8 cut inte the side of the said block 5 in advanee of the guiding passage 10 therein; and a pyramidal core 8' with a rib atune side seat/ed in a suitable seat atthe side of said passage 8, the point of the said eone ar'anged towards the discharge end of said nozzle( all co-aeting subpassage 10 therein; and a pyramidal core i s' with a rib at one side seated in a suitable seat at the side of said passage 8, the point of the said eeue arranged towards the discha'ge end of said nozzle, all eo-acting substantially as deseribedand for the purpose specified.

5. ln an elastie fluid turbine, the combinatiun of a suitable' casi'g; a turbine wheel with buekets 9 at its perphery containing a b'ead netch'lt, aid the outwardly-projecting portion l5,`sh0rtened by substantally the depth ot' the noteh, the said buekets being u'l the stopped form; and suitable nozzles prejeetig within the broad DOL'h of the said bukets to deliver elastie fluid thereto all ee-acting substantially as described and fer the purpose specified. i

(S. In an elastic fluid turbine, the eomhiation of a suitable easing; a turbine wheel with buekets 9 at its per' hery containing a broad noteh 14 and the outwardly-projecting' ortien 15, Shortened by substantally the epth of the noteh; and suitable nozzles pojeeting within the broad uoteh of the said uekets to deliver elastic fluid thereto, all eo-aeting substantially as described and for the purpose specified.

7. In an elastic fluid turbine the eonbination of a suitable easing; a turbine wheel within the said easing having buekets therein ufthe reeurved type; a gi ide passage black 5 thereiu with reversin;` guide passag s lt' therein, separated by a suitable parition lb' `for rerersng; the steam dis-charged from the 'said turbine buekets; a ozzle S cut nto the side of the said bluc'l 3 in advanee of the guiding passage lU therein; a pyramidal core 8' with a rib at (me ide seated in r\ suitable seat at the side of said passage, tle point of said eone arranged towards the diseharge end of said nozzle, all co-acling sub stantially as described and for the purpose specified:

8. In an elastie fluid turbine, the eombinatien of a suitable easing; a turbine wheel within the said easing having buelrets thereiu ofthereeu'ved type; a ,guide passage block with rei'ersing: guide passgvs therei; a nozzle 8 cut into the side of the said block 5, in advance of the guiding passage 10 therein; a pyramidal core 8', with a ril at one side seated in n suitable seat at the side of said passage, the point of said eone arranged towards the uiseharge end of said mzzle` all co-acting suhstantiall as descril'cd and for the purpose speci ed.

E). In an elastic fluid turhine, the conihination of a suitable -casingg a turbine whee within the said casing having buckets thei-eni of the recurved type; a guide passage`"hlock with rcvrsing guide passages thei-cin; a nozzle 8 cut into the side of the said block; a pyramidal core 8', with a rb at one side seated in a suitable seat at the side of said passage, the point of said cone arrangcd towards the discharge end of said nozzle, all co-acting substantally as 'described and for the purpose specified.

10. ln a multi-stage turbine, the combinetion of the front plate, suitably flanged; an intermediate rin 01' plate 2-2' conformed 1 at one side to tie said flange and formed similar to the flange plate on its opposite side, and a back plate and ring 3, conformed to said plate 2 2'; guide passage blocks arranged on and Secured to the respective flanges; and turbine wheels in each of the' said conpartmcnts ar'anged to he acted upon by the elastic fluid, as specified.

ll. 111 an elastic fluid turbine, the comhination of a suitable casing; a turbine wheel within the casing, one side of the periphe'y of which is of greater diameter than the other; over-lapping buckets of the recurved type formed in the said periphery, the receivngends of which 'are at the lesse' diameter, and the discharge ends of which :'e at the larger diameter, the said discharge ends hcing eorrespondingly broader than the receiving ends, a. nozzle arranged to deliver to the 'eceiving ends of said huckets', as specified.

12. lu an elastic fluid turhine, the comlination of a suitable easing; a tui-hine wheel within the casing, one sde of the periphery of which isof reater diameter than the other; buckets o the recurved type forned in the said periphery the rece'ivin, ends of which are at the lesser diameter,and the dischar 'e ends of which are at the larger diameter, t ie said discharge ends being correspondingly broader than the receiving ends, a nozzle ari-an ed to deliver to the recciving ends of said uckets, as specified.

13. In an elastic fluid tu'hine, the com bimtion of a 'suitable casing; a turbine wheel within the casin having buckets; a block Secured within tie casig having a nozzle to deliver an elastic fluid to the tui'- bine wheel; and ste ped guide assages to receive elastic fluid rom the sai huckets at their discharge end and to deliver said elastic fluid to the wheel buckets back of the said nozzle all coacting suhstantially as described andfor the purpose Specified.

14. In an elastic fluid tu'bine the combination of a suitable casing; a turbine wheel within the casing having buckets; a nozzle arranged to deliver elastic fluid to the buckets, the said nozzle having a pyramidal core arranged in a slut in the side of the said nozzle, all coacting as described and for the purpose specified. V

15. In an elastic fluid turbine the combination of a casing; suitable turbine wheels with buckets therein; a nozzle assage to deliver steam to the said buc ets; a pyramidal core with a rib at one side, seated n e suitable seat at the side of the said nozzle passage, the point of sai cone ar ranged toward the discharge end of the nozzle, es specified.

16. In an elastic fluid turbine the com bination of a suitable casing; a turbine wheel within the casing having buckets; u nozzle arranged to deliver elastic fluid to the buckets; a tapered core arranged in the side of said nozzle, all c acting as described and for the purpose spe fied.

17. In an elastc fluid turb'ine, buckets of the U-shaped, recurved type, formed open at the side at the I'eceiving end the receiving end of the buckets being longer than the discha'ge end, the walls between the buckets being of a form to correspond to the shorter discharge end, a nozzle arranged to deliver to the receivng ends of said buckets, as specified. i i

In witness whereof, I have hereunto set my hand and seal in the presence of two wtnesses. 

